Studium Generale

Rietveld Academie & Rietveld Uncut

Relating (to) colour

2019-2020

RELATING (TO) COLOUR

“Colour… is new each time” — Roland Barthes

Studium Generale Rietveld 2019—2020 focuses on histories, politics, and perceptions of colour in the creation and understanding of aesthetic forms, social structures, and embodied experiences. Colour structures our daily life and our actions, our relationships with others and the spaces in which we live. Within different historical and cultural contexts, however, colours have very different symbolic, psychological, material, and socio-political meanings. Relating (to) Colour wants to see colour in art, science, technology, and life beyond the purely symbolic and aesthetic and not as self-evident or universal, but as a physical, material, cultural, and political phenomenon. We try to understand colour not only as visual, sensual, or textual but especially as a lived experience and relational concept that creates affect and agency.

With: David Batchelor, Taka Taka, Imara Limon, Nancy Jouwe, Sekai Makoni, Erik Viskil, Wieteke van Zeil, Adam Broomberg, Sara Blokland, Wendelien van Oldenborgh, Patricia Pisters, Isabel Cordeiro, Joke Robaard, Melanie Bühler, Jay Tan, Ioanna Gerakidi, Ola Hassanain & Casco Art Institute, Stefano Harney, Rietveld Uncut and many others.

Wednesday, January 15, 22; February 5, 12, 26; March 4, 11, 18, Rietveld Academie; Conference-festival & Rietveld Uncut: March 25—28, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam

✦ All Studium Generale Rietveld and Rietveld Uncut events between March 13 and April 6 have been canceled due to the Corona situation! Take care of yourself and others!

Intro

Conference-festival
March 25-28, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam

Guest curators: Stefano Harney, Ola Hassanain & Casco Art Institute, Patricia Pisters, Taka Taka

All Studium Generale Rietveld and Rietveld Uncut events between March 13 and April 6 have been canceled due to the COVID-19 situation. Take care of yourself and others!

Conference

Preliminary Programme

They needed coloured fire, and had only ground earths
by Ioanna Gerakidi

Hosted by Ioanna Gerakidi, the reading group They needed coloured fire, and had only ground earths, is borrowing its title from the words of Annie Besant and will use colour as an axis to speak about theosophical schemes, meditative practices, studies of mysticism, spiritualism and the occult, but also about identical and collective, racial and sexual, socio- political and economic frameworks. The reading group aims on finding ways of thinking across and feeling colour both physiologically and metaphorically. Materials will vary from anti-colonial theses to visual representations of feelings, gut instincts, visceral acts. Each of the sessions will also include a short exercise on drawing, writing, listening, reading or watching, depending on the material discussed. With texts, poems, short films, meditations and sound tracks by: Sarah Ahmed, Annie Besant, Garrett Bradley, Finetta Bruce, Anne Carson, Zahid R. Chaudhary, Samuel R. Delany, Frantz Fanon, Saidiya Hartman, Isaac Julien, Rajkamal Kahlon, Ray Leve, Toni Morrison, Fred Moten, Precious Okoyomon, Walid Raad, RaMell Ross, Alice Walker and Rayka Zehtabchi, among others.

Blood Orange
by Jay Tan

Identity is difficult to stay with, especially in the form of a topic or debate. Structural racism is soooo old n big.
Are there lively, energy giving ways to share feelings about phenomena in the world and social structures that won’t separate the science of optics, the materials of earth or the history of pigment from the legacy of European colonial ideals, actions?
I’m offering a group session in which we centre Poetics and let systems, materials, objects be their colour.
Whiteness is a thing; a structure of taste, codes and behaviours and permissions. Orangeness is a thing; a sharing of faith and periodic, animated unity. Pinkness is a folding open of our insides. Entering and made by our bodies (inheritance, technologies, apparatuses), I wonder how much colour has to do with seeing. Other than a tool of identifying, or an externalised field of optics, isn’t colour flavour? Liveliness? A way to digest or stimulate feeling?
This year, minds wander while we’re preparing fruit salad. Fruit grows, is grown, farmed, thrown or falling. Unripe or rotten? I feel nuts. Nationality is strained and strange. Who owns the orchard? Who needed the orangerie? Who picks the fruit? Who climbs the trees? I’m eating a lot of pomegranates at the moment. Sometimes I don’t wear an apron when I burst them open. I have a growing collection of sweatshirts with pink blood spatters across the front and a mouthful of jewels.

Incubation: A space for monsters
Bhanu Kapil
Red Asia Complex Park Chan-kyong
Poetic Intention
Dreamed land, real country Édouard Glissant
Poetics of Relation The Black Beach Édouard Glissant
Technicolor: Race and Technology in Everyday Life co-edited by Alondra Nelson and Alicia Hines
Tales of an Asiatic Geek Girl: Slant from Paper to Pixels
Mimi Thi Nguyen
Too Black Tracie Morris
Aubade Ending with the Death of a Mosquito Tarfia Faizullah
The Nightingale and the Rose Oscar Wilde
The Boy in the Pink Orchid Tree Lin YuYi
Brown Girl in the Ring
Nalo Hopkinson

Everyone across the academie is warmly welcome to this group. We use English as an imperfect, working and growing language. Please bring your personal questions, critique, feelings and responses to the theme.

Reading Groups

A Manual Off Colour
by Taka Taka

The “Manual off colour” is now colouring ZOOM !

A character construction-study hosted by Taka Taka. After the workshop students are expected to be able to generate a character and complete a 3-minute performance to be presented in a final public moment. Non-performers can further develop their skills as scenographer-prop makers, in video, text-communication material, as production managers.

COLOUR ON MUSEUM COLOUR ON STREETS COLOUR ON GOVERNMENTS COLOUR ON NATURE COLOURING MY GENDER COLOURING VOICE COLOURING MYTHOLOGY COLOURING REALITY.

On vogue history, DRAGTIVISM, CYBERNETICS, how to govern ourselves?, animal movement, GENDER FREAKS, How to Tuck, Kathakali, MEGAPHONE FOR SOCIAL IMPACT AND MORE!
With Taka Taka, Arielle Freeman Hopelezz, Jennifer Hopelezz, Xenia Hopelezz, Sasha Hara, Belle Dommage Hopellez.

Workshop

The electromagnetic spectrum g/hosts all of y/our in/human senses! While most of what happens on the electromagnetic spectrum is imperceptible to humans, one might question its spectral (ghostlike) quality that haunts y/our embodied positionings. Identifications of colour are codified through language/s, while perceptions of colour as such are socio-historically entwined with questions on consciousness. May this lexicon provide support to further complicate epidermalized colour abstractions and a/historical skin colourings, queering quasi-visual identifications of heritage, ethnicity, nationality, blood, race, sex, gender, ideology, religion. That resistance may take on many forms and many names as invocations of manifold of linguistic mis/identifications. Use y/our words texts tongues, to speak y/our minds, as a continuation of making masticatory mixes!

a
AA:

Affirmative action! Towards radical solidarity.

AFFECT (TO):

Make a difference to something or someone.

b
BLACK-AND-WHITE:

Easy to understand.

BLACK-AND-WHITE:

Binding contract.

BLACK-AND-WHITE:

Clear-cut identification of right and wrong.

BLACK-AND-WHITE:

Overly simplified.

BLACK-AND-WHITE:

Without colour.

BLACK-AND-WHITE:

Hierarchical colonial tool of oppression and slavery as racial abstraction that through deduction divided humanity: those who were not white, were black.

BLACKFACE:

BLACKFACE: A person painting their face black, and therewith creating a caricature of a black person typically based on the American nineteenth-century minstrel figure. Part of this racist tradition is the Dutch Black Piet figure, a remnant from the time when the Netherlands was involved in slave trade (ca. 1500–1800). Black Piet is an effeminate minstrel figure and aid of the white-bearded Sinterklaas to whom children tell their heartfelt
wishes while seated on his lap as he pretends to listen from his throne. [footnote: Perhaps all holidays operated by white-bearded, throned men of affluence, who break into one’s home at night, gifting gifts, is an effective pacification of children’s politics through a coercive instilling of desire, and are to be considered part of the continuation of a corporatist and consumerist agenda of washing.]

BLAUWE:

Blue (person) in Dutch, pejorative term turned nickname for people of post/ colonial Indonesian decent, with mixed Indonesian-European (Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch) blood and specifically without any of the rights or privileges of the Indo-Europeans. Blauwe is one of the synonyms for indo (not to be confused with capital letter Indo, the post-Sec- ond-World-War generation who organized themselves against Dutch culture in the Netherlands), along with: liplap, sinjo, halfbloed (literally: a half-blood as mixed ethnicity) all indicating mixed Indo-European heritage (Birney). (See: MESTIES)

BLB:

Blacklight blue.

blue flower
BLUE ON BLUE:

Military attack on one’s own side, (accidentally) causing harm.

BODY:

A material object whose space and identification is a representational reality (Bhabha xxxii).

buttercup
c
CHIAROSCURO:

Stark light and dark contrasting for dramatic effect in representation of the (moving) image and language.

CHROMATISM:

Botanical term of abnormal plant colourings, where parts of the plant that are usually green are otherwise coloured. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak employs the term to identify racial discrimination of skin colour determinations in relation to global economic developmentalism, as ‘the visible difference in skin colour [being] a revision of racial discrimination to naming “people of colour”’ as “third world people” leading to absurdities as it is part of a nomenclature based on the implicit acceptance of “white” as “transparant” or “no-colour” (Spivak 165).

CMYK:

Subtractive colour model and coding system, using Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Key (black) in printing and screen technologies.

COLOUR:

The language of nature has a queer bent (Derek Jarman crushing Charles Blanc).

COLOURISM:

Discrimination based on skin colour. Also called: shadeism.

COLOUR REVOLUTIONS:

Media outlets coin specific colours characterizing mass political movements and popular uprisings, such as: the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, Blue Revolution in Kuwait, and Cedar Revolution in Lebanon.

CONSCIOUSNESS:

Anyone who considers themselves able to assess levels of consciousness has become part of a neocolonial-imperialist agenda.

d
daisy
DAY:

Presence of sunlight depending on where you are on the planet.

DEATH:

A decentring (Spivak on Roland Barthes 347).

DELIRIUM:

A derailment of the mind, going off track.

DIALECT:

Every language and every dialect forms a way of thinking (paraphrasing Fanon paraphrasing Jacques Damourette and Édouard Pichon 53).

DISINHERITANCE:

Ahistorical classes in society without privilege (Michel Leiris in Fanon 55).

e
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM:

Shows the organi- zation of wavelength movement as the way we receive the world around us. Our senses are located on various parts of this spectrum, a very small range of which is visible to the human eye (380–760nm). Despite hosting all our non/human senses, most of the spectrum is imperceptible to us, which we may call out as a spectral quality of our existence: we are not able to receive most wavelengths, at least they are not received consciously. Wavelength frequencies (their movement) depend on the medium through which they travel, which is any kind of material including the atmosphere and weather conditions.

ENGLISH/ES:

The affluent language/s that pose/s as our un/welcome common d(en)ominator/s.

EPIDERMILIZATION:

Process of interiorizing, a getting under the skin.

EYE:

Ay ay me!

g
green carnations
i
infrared
INTELLIGENCE:

‘…has never saved anyone’ (Fanon 17).

INTERSECTIONALITY:

Approaching a topic from perspectives radiant in all directions as a method that includes the intersections of connected and overlapping topics, events, processes, systems.

j
JOHANN WOLFGANG VON GOETHE:

Wrote the infamously popular portrayal of colour among artists: Zur Farbenlehre (1810).

l
L / Λ / λ / LAMDBA:

Symbol showing the measurement of wavelength and its frequencies as measurement on the electro- magnetic spectrum.

L / Λ / λ / LAMDBA:

Symbol for ‘cripple’.

L / Λ / λ / LAMDBA:

Symbol for gay liberation, as a complete exchange of energy. (Footnote: by graphic designer Tom Doerr)

LANGUAGE:

Tongue.

LOLO:

Reincarnated soul (Fanon on M. Mannoni’s The Cult of the Dead and the Family, 118).

m
MANTIS SHRIMP:

Animal species who are far out on the electromagnetic spectrum, they have up to nineteen cones in their eyes instead of three cones used by the majority of humans.

MESTIES:

Dutch colonial pejorative terminology identifying skin colour of (former) enslaved people and those without rights from mixed black to mixed white: carboerger, mulat, mesties, casties, and ‘white creole’: poesties, testies. Carboerger would be someone who is on average three quarters blackandonequarterwhite,mulat or mulatto one half black and one half white, testies one thirty- second black, etc. This name calling derived from and coincided with Portuguese and Spanish terminology (Hoitink; Donsselaar).

MIXED:

Visual identification of mixed ethnic heritage or half-blood- edness is often abbreviated as simply mixed (French: métisse).

monkshood
MOON:

Celestial body and satellite orbiting the
Earth in a cycle corresponding to average menstrual or fertility cycles (27/32 days) influencing the movement of water on the planet, such as the tide of seas.

n
NIGHT:

Absence of sunlight depending on where you are on the planet.

NJAI:

Indigenous women from one of the tens of thousands of islands of what is now Indonesia, in the former Dutch East Indies lived with Dutch men as their slaves, concubines, life partners. If a child was born in this setting the mother would be expelled from the household.

o
OSM:

Ons soort mensen, ‘our kind of people’, degenerate and accepted Dutch expression in self-identification of upper class or elitist privilege. There are internal debates on who actually classifies as the epitome of such old wealth chic.

OVER THE MOON:

Very happy.

OVER THE RAINBOW:

A place where there isn’t any trouble.

p
pallid calla lily
PANTONE/PMS:

System for colour mixing and shorthand for its Pantone Matching System (PMS), a colour standardization in which an ever-expanding range of colours can be found through its codification system in six-figure letter and number combinations. (See: HUMANAE)

PASSING:

Blurred identifications.

PATHOLOGY:

Painful identification of illnesses by researching body tissue samples.

PHOBIA:

Neurosis of excessive and overwhelming fear of something present or merely existent as such.

PIGMENT:

Colouring material made from animal or plant tissue.

POC:

People of colour.

POISON:

A magic potion.

PUPIL:

Lightreceptive black hole.

q
QUOTATION MARKS:

Graphic vampiric bites (Avital Ronell, Crack Wars).

r
RACE:

Human ‘races’ are a social Darwinist construct and distinctly not a biological identification (Paul Gilroy bites race/s in The Black Atlantic).

RACISM:

Violent form of discrimination based on different human ‘races’, based on quasi-physical features as character traits continue to shape socioeconomic relations today. Racial discriminations show social hierarchies: as always
‘unresolved ensemble[s] of antag- onistic interlocutions between positions of power and poverty, knowledge and oppression, history and fantasy, surveillance and subversion’ (Bhabha xxxvi). (See also: AA, STRATEGIC ESSEN- TIALISM [Spivak])

RACISM, STRUCTURAL/SYSTEMIC:

Considers racial inequalities [colonising] societies’ building blocks, being a persistent feature of social, economic, and political systems, that are actively continued and supported to this day (Glossary for Understanding the Dismantling Structural Racism/ Promoting Racial Equity Analysis, The Aspen Institute).

RACISMS:

Considering racism from an inter- sectional perspective as racisms come in many forms (Clelia O. Rodriguez).

RAINBOW:

Symbol of variable colour spectra repre- senting various ranges of intersectional identifications, and specifically diversifying a/sexual and non/gender positionings.

REASON:

‘There is nothing more traumatising [for the young child] than its encounter with what is rational’ (Fanon 128).

red poppy
RGB:

Additive colour model mixing and coding system making use of Red-Green-Blue in printing and screen technologies.

RODS AND CONES:

Parts in the eye organs that respectively identify light-dark and colour.

s
sapphic violet
SHINE:

Starts to delocate colour.

SIGHT:

Ranges on the spectrum from 380–740 nanometres.

SKIN, TO:

Removal of the largest organ of a non/human animal body.

SPECTRE:

G/host.

SPIRITS OF SATURN:

Cosmetic product used to whiten skin made from poisonous
materials such as lead oxide.

STRATEGIC ESSENTIALISM:

Grouping together or self-organ- ization of a minority group as political tactic as coined by Spivak. Juxtapose with: racism/s.

SUN:

Is always out.

SYNAESTHESIA:

A mixing of the senses where someone can smell colour, taste names, see music, etc.

t
TEMETUM:

Alcoholic drink.

u
ultraviolet
v
VANTABLACK:

Artist Anish Kapoor acquired the legal rights to the blackest black pigment, which absorbs 99.96% of light.

w
WASHING:

Colour washing is used to create a false image: white washing, green washing, pink washing – possibilities are endless like the colour spectrum.

WAVE:

WAVE: Swaying movement.

WEALTH:

Makes people drunk and able to forget (Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth) and is always built on enslavement of interspecies-others.

WEATHER CONDITIONS:

Speaking about the weather is is a potential form of climate activism.

WHITENESS:

Colour codification and abstraction for Eurocentrism and subsequent negation of violent colonial heritages. Marking people white or people’s whiteness aims to identify deep-seated ignorance of heritage and historicity in keeping to unproblematized neo/colonial governing agendas.

y
YO:

Other people, especially Europeans (Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks).

Thank you for showing up as invaluable conversation partners: Victoria Bardakou, Nancy Jouwe, Tracian Meikle.

Charlotte Rooijackers writes on pharmakopoetics: intoxication, healing, states of un/consciousness, poisoned positionings, invocations, essayistic elixirs. From the perspective of the pharmakon any material or substance can be poisonous or healing depending on their dosage. S/he identifies as mixed, halfblooded, indo, limbo, postcolonial Dutch, Indo-European, non-binary, feminist, humanesque, non-humanly populated, bodies, macrobiotic, microbiomic, practising vegetation – out of order to become more alive-and-dead and less product.

REFERENCE LIST:
Badiou, Alain. 2017, Black: The Brilliance of a Non-Colour, trans Susan Spitzer, Cambridge: Polity Press, original work published in French in 2015
Batchelor, David. 2000, Chromophobia, London: Reaktion Books
Bhabha, Homi. 1986, ‘Introduction’, in Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks
Birney, Alfred. 2017, De Tolk van Java (The Translator of Java), Amsterdam: De Geus
——-. 1998, Oost-Indische Inkt: 400 Jaar Indië in de Nederlandse Letteren. Samengesteld door Alfred Birney (East-Indian Ink: 400 Years Indies in the Dutch Letter. Composed by Alfred Birney), Amsterdam/Antwerp: Uitgeverij Contact
Van Donsselaar, J. 2013, Woordenboek van het Nederlands in Suriname van 1667 tot 1876, Amsterdam: Meerstens Instituut
Fanon, Frantz. [1986] 2008, Black Skin, White Masks, trans. Charles Lam Markmann, Lon-don: Pluto Press, original work published in French in 1952
——-. [1961] 2007, The Wretched of the Earth, trans. Richard Philcox, New York City: Grove Atlantic
Gilroy, Paul. 1993, The Black Atlantic: Modernity and Double Consciousness, London: Verso Books
Glissant, Édouard. 1997, Poetics of Relation, trans. Betsy Wing, Minneapolis: University of Michigan Press, original work published in French in 1990
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang [1810] 2004, Kleurenleer, ed. Bob Siepman van den Berg, trans. Pim Lukkenaer, Zeist: Uitgeverij Christofoor, original work published in German with introduction and footnotes by Rudolf Steiner
Hoitink, Yvette. https://www.dutchgenealogy.nl/mulat-mesties-casties-poesties-testies/
Jarman, Derek. 1995, Chroma: A Book of Colour, Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press
Jung, C. G. [1944] 1953, Psychology and Alchemy, trans. R.F.C. Hull, London: Routledge, original work published in German
Kandinsky, Wassily. [1914] 1977, Concerning the Spiritual in Art, trans. M.T.H. Sadler, London: Dover Publications
Moten, Fred. 2008, A Case of Blackness, Detroit: Wayne State University Press
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1999, A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Rodriguez, Clelia O. 2018, Decolonizing Academia: Poverty, Oppression, and Pain, Black Point, Nova Scotia: Fernwood Publishing
St Clair, Kassia. 2016, The Secret Lives of Colour, London: John Murray Press

Lexicon

Beam Club

PDFs
Videos
Anri Sala - ‘Dammi I Colori’ (2003)
Amy Sillman, Colour as Material
Blue Derek Jarman Interview at Edinburgh Festival 1993
The Colour of Pomegranates (Trailer)
Judith Butler and Maggie Nelson: Gender, Identity, Memoir
Toespraak Nancy Jouwe op 1 november 2014 in Utrecht
David Batchelor - Chromophobia | Winsor & Newton and the Royal Academy of Arts
In the dark by André Lepecki
Dylan Rieder - True Blue
VANTABLACK - The Darkest Material on Earth
Blackes Black
Yves Klein. Anthropométrie de l’époque bleue (1960) colour
Chameleon Changing Color
‘Anniversary of a Revolution (Parsed)’ by Adam Broomberg & Oliver Chanarin
COMME des GARÇONS Autumn/Winter 1988, Theme : RED is BLACK
The Colour of Pomegranates Trailer
Color film was built for white people. Here’s what it did to dark skin.
“Sondra Perry: Typhoon coming on” ICA MIAMI, 2018
Sondra Perry: Typhoon coming on

Gradient

Studium Generale Rietveld Academie:
Jorinde Seijdel (Head of Program / Curator in Chief)
Jort van der Laan (Coordinator)

Rietveld Uncut:
Tomas Adolfs, Tarja Szaraniec (Coordinators/Curators)

Ioanna Gerakidi (Reading Group They needed coloured fire, and had only ground earths)
Jay Tan (Reading Group Blood Orange)
Taka Taka (Workshop A Manual off Colour)
Charlotte Rooijackers (Lexicon)
Janine Armin (Copy Editing)
Malthe Stigaard (Photo and Video Documentation)
Nikos Doulos (Host and Logistics Coordinator)
Hemminkways (Travel Arrangments)
Catering: Mari Pitkänen

Gerrit Rietveld Academie:
Jeroen Vermandere (Technical Assistance)
Eric Kammeron (Catering Lunch)
Public Rietveld (Press & PR)
Design: Klara Eneroth, Chloé Delchini, Yuri Sato, under supervison of Bart de Baets & Riet Wijnen
Pieter Verbeke (Librarian)

Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam:
Dorine de Bruijne, Henri Sandront

Thanks for support in a variety of ways:
Ralph Beijers, David Bennewith, Jeroen Boomgaard, Rieneke van den Broek, Willem Jan van Dijken, Annelies van Eenennaam, Nancy Jouwe, Mirna Kramer, Sidsel Mehlsen, Hansje van Ooijen, Wilbert van Rossum, Peter van Ruiten, Unsettling Rietveld/Sandberg, Ben Zegers

Studium Generale Rietveld Academie is a transdisciplinary theory programme that addresses students and faculty across all departments and disciplines at the academy, as well as the general public. It wants to understand how art and design are entangled with other domains (from the personal to the political, from the vernacular to the academic), how ‘now’ is linked with past and future, ‘here’ with ‘elsewhere’.

Studium Generale Website

Colophon

Preliminary Programme, Gerrit Rietveld Academie

All students and staff from Gerrit Rietveld Academie and Sandberg Instituut are welcome. Interested people from outside the Rietveld are also welcome. For students in the Basicyear and first-year of specialization participation in Studium Generale Preliminary Programme is obligatory.

Conference Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam

Entrance for students and staff from Gerrit Rietveld Academie and Sandberg Instituut is free. All students and staff are welcome. Interested people from outside the Rietveld are also welcome.

For students in the Basicyear and first-year of specialization participation in the conference-festival is obligatory. Mandatory presence: 10 blocks. Blocks are indicated on the time schedule of each day. The complete programme consists of 16 blocks.

Students & staff are kindly asked to show their student/staff card upon arrival to receive a DAY-wristband (a different wristband for each day).

DAY-WRISTBANDS grand you access to the conference-festival day programme and the Rietveld Uncut exhibition.

Guests from outside the Rietveld
Guests from outside the Rietveld are welcome to purchase a day ticket directly at the Stedelijk Museum counters during the conference (limited seats available) Price: € 3,- (+ museum entrance fee) / € 3,- (+ Museumkaart)

Guests can access the Rietveld Uncut exhibition with the regular entrance fee or with their Museumkaart.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: Attendees are kindly advised to arrive at the beginning of each days conference or during breaks so as to secure a comfortable seat and not disturb the presentations.

Attendance